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Cartagena, Colombia - Wikipedia. Cartagena. City. Cartagena de Indias. Top: Bocagrande Harbour. Second row: View of Santa Cruz Manga Island, Heredia Theatre.
Third row: Clock. Tower (Torre del Reloj), Pilar Republicano, San Felipe Barajas Castle (Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas) (above), Charleston Hotel (below). Bottom: City Skyline. Nickname(s): . The port city had a population of 8. It is the fifth- largest city in Colombia and the second largest in the region, after Barranquilla. The urban area of Cartagena is also the fifth- largest urban area in the country. Economic activities include maritime and petrochemicals industry, as well as tourism.
The city was founded on June 1, 1. Cartagena, Spain, which in turn was named after Carthage in Tunisia. However, settlement in the region around Cartagena Bay by various indigenous people dates back to 4. BC. During the colonial period Cartagena served a key role in administration and expansion of the Spanish empire.
It was a center of political and economic activity due to the presence of royalty and wealthy viceroys. In 1. 98. 4 Cartagena's colonial walled city and fortress were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
History. Archaeologists estimate that around 4. BC, the formative culture was located near the boundary between the present- day departments of Bol. In this area, archaeologists have found the most ancient ceramic objects of the Americas, dating from around 4. BC. The primary reason for the proliferation of primitive societies in this area is thought to have been the relative mildness of climate and the abundance of wildlife, which allowed the hunting inhabitants a comfortable life.
The rise of a much more developed culture, the Mons. Until the Spanish colonization, many cultures derived from the Karib, Malibu and Arawaklanguage families lived along the Colombian Caribbean coast. In the late pre- Columbian era, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta was home to the Tayrona people, whose language was closely related to the Chibcha language family. Among these, according to the earliest documents available, the Kalamari had preeminence. These tribes, though physically and administratively separated, shared a common architecture, such as hut structures consisting of circular rooms with tall roofs, which were surrounded by defensive wooden palisades. They preferred the better known Hispaniola and Cuba.
De Nicuesa and De Ojeda noted the existence of a big bay on the way from Santo Domingo to Urab. The town was named after Cartagena, Spain, where most of Heredia's sailors had resided. During the remainder of the 1. A major factor was the gold in the tombs of the Sin.
The city set about strengthening its defences and surrounding itself with walled compounds and castles. A few months after the disaster of the invasion of Cote, a fire destroyed the city and forced the creation of a firefighting squad, the first in the Americas. Hawkins besieged the city, but failed to level it. Francisco de Murga's planning of the walls and forts; this practice was called Situado. The magnitude of this subsidy is shown by comparison: between 1. Spanish reales. The city reached the peak of its development in 1.
Baron de Pointis. Gold and silver from the mines in the New Granada and Peru were loaded in Cartagena on the galleons bound for Spain via Havana. The pro- trade economic policies of the new dynasty in Madrid bolstered the economics of Cartagena, and the establishment of the Viceroyalty of the New Granada in 1. The 1. 8th century brought the Bourbon dynasty and its pro- trade policies, and these benefited the city, returning it to prosperity again. During this period, the city passed the psychological barrier of 1.
Viceroyalty of New Granada. By 1. 71. 0, the city was fully recovered.
At the same time, the slow but steady reforms of the restricted trade policies in the Spanish Empire encouraged the establishment of new trade houses and private projects. During the reign of Philip V of Spain the city had many new public works projects either begun or completed, among them the new fort of San Fernando, the Hospital of the Obra P. The siege was broken off due to the start of the tropical rainy season, after weeks of intense fighting in which the British landing party was successfully repelled by the Spanish and native forces led by commander General Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta, a Basque from the Guipuzcoa province in northern Spain.
He died in the aftermath of the battle. This victory prolonged Spain's control of the Caribbean waters, which helped secure its large Empire until the 1.
Admiral Vernon was accompanied by American Colonial troops, including George Washington's brother, Lawrence Washington, who was so impressed with Vernon that he named his Mount Vernon estate and plantation after him. This time was one of permanent expansion of the existing buildings, massive immigration from all the other cities of the Viceroyalty, increase of the economic and political power of the city and a population growth spurt not equaled since that time. Political power that was already shifting from Bogot. The good times of steady progress and advancement in the second half of the 1.
Spanish Empire that came from the Mutiny of Aranjuez and all its consequences. Juan de Torrezar Diaz Pimienta . The Census of 1. 77. However, his enemies in the court convinced King Charles III to oppose the tax plan. On November 1. 1, 1. Cartagena declared its independence.
It had been the biggest city of the Viceroyalty until 1. Peninsular War, which became Wars of Independence and Pi. In 1. 81. 5 the city was almost destroyed.
No census information exists for that time. There are accounts of how the city became a ghost town. Around 5. 00 impoverished freed slaves dwelt the city, whose palaces and public buildings became ruins, many with collapsed walls. After a five- month siege the fortified city fell on December 1. By 1. 81. 6, the combined efforts of Spanish and colonial forces, marching south from Cartagena and north from royalist strongholds in Quito, Pasto, and Popay. The city fell on October 1.
Among the defenders who surrendered was Brigadier Gabriel Torres, commander of the royalist forces. The patriots captured large stores of gunpowder, lead, rifles and field pieces. To the south is the Cartagena Bay, which has two entrances: Bocachica (Small Mouth) in the south, and Bocagrande (Big Mouth) in the north. Cartagena is located at 1. Zona Norte, the area located immediately north of the airport contains the Hotel Las Americas, the urban development office of Barcelona de Indias, and several educational institutions. Nearby is San Pedro Claver Square and the church also named for Saint Peter Claver, where the body of the Jesuit saint ('Saint of the African slaves') is kept in a casket, as well as the Museum of Modern Art. Nearby is the Plaza de Bol.
This plaza is surrounded by balconied colonial buildings. Shaded outdoor cafes line the street. The Office of Historical Archives devoted to Cartagena's history is not far away. Next to the archives is the Government Palace, the office building of the Governor of the Department of Bolivar. Across from the palace is the Cathedral of Cartagena, which dates back to the 1. Another religious building of significance is the Iglesia de Santo Domingo in front of Plaza Santo Domingo (Santo Domingo Square).
In the square is the sculpture Mujer Reclinada (. Nearby is the Tcherassi Hotel, a 2.
Silvia Tcherassi. In the city is the Augustinian Fathers Convent and the University of Cartagena. This university is a center of higher education opened to the public in the late 1.
The Claustro de Santa Teresa (Saint Theresa Cloister), which has been remodeled and has become a hotel operated by Charleston Hotels. It has its own square, protected by the San Francisco Bastion. A 2. 0- minute walk from downtown is the Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas, located in el Pie de la Popa (another neighborhood), the greatest fortress ever built by the Spaniards in their colonies.
The tunnels were all constructed in such a way as to make it possible to hear footsteps of an approaching enemy. Some of the tunnels are open for viewing today. San Diego. In front of it is the Convent of the Nuns of the Order of Saint Clare, now the Hotel Santa Clara.
In the surrounding area is Santo Toribio Church, the last church built in the Walled City. From the top of this construction the Caribbean Sea is visible. Getseman. It is located between Cartagena Bay to the east and the Caribbean Sea to the west, and includes the two neighborhoods of El Laguito (The Little Lake) and Castillogrande (Big Castle). Bocagrande has long beaches and much commercial activity is found along Avenida San Mart. This makes the water appear muddy, though it is not. There are breakwaters about every 2.
In the centre of the bay is a statue of the Virgin Mary. The Naval Base is also located in Bocagrande, looking at the Bay. Humidity averages around 9. May. The climate tends to be hot and windy.
Climate data for Cartagena (Rafael N. Known as Concurso Nacional de Belleza de Colombia (National Beauty Contest of Colombia), it is a national beauty pageant in Colombia. They are intended to promote the industrialization of goods and provision of services aimed primarily at foreign markets and also the domestic market. It has excellent design features and will have the most modern software inventory of Colombia. It has a permamente Zone (Phase 1 - Phase 2) and a Logistics and Commercial Zone for SMEs. They are currently on sale and rent their warehouses, lots, yards and offices for companies in different cluster. The following are tourist sites within the city: Colonial architecture with Andalusian style roots.
Steps of La Popa mount. In 1. 58. 6, was commissioned to the most famous military engineer of the Crown of Spain in that time, the Italian Battista Antonelli, the fortification of the city.
The works of the project finally ended in the 1. Cartagena became an impregnable bastion, which successfully resisted the attacks of Baron Pontis to 1.